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In the rapid development of modern industry and transportation vehicles, vibration damping technology plays a crucial role. Rubber shock absorbers, as the best among damping components, have become the unsung heroes in the damping field due to their excellent performance and wide application range.
The widespread application of rubber shock absorbers is attributed to the following characteristics of rubber:
High elasticity and viscoelasticity
The high elasticity of rubber allows it to withstand repeated compression and stretching, while viscoelasticity helps to absorb and release energy.
Large elastic deformation and small elastic modulus
Compared with steel, rubber has large elastic deformation and small elastic modulus, which gives rubber shock absorbers a significant advantage in damping effects.
Impact stiffness and dynamic stiffness
The impact stiffness of rubber is greater than its dynamic stiffness, and the dynamic stiffness is greater than the static stiffness. This helps to reduce impact deformation and dynamic deformation, improving damping efficiency.
Stress-strain curve
The stress-strain curve of rubber shows an elliptical hysteresis loop, the area of which equals the vibrational energy converted into heat during a vibration cycle. This characteristic can be adjusted through formulation design.
Incompressibility
As an incompressible material, rubber has excellent sealing properties.
Adjustability of shape and hardness
The shape of rubber can be freely chosen according to needs, and its hardness can be adjusted through formulation design to meet the requirements for stiffness and strength in different directions.
Rubber shock absorbers have a wide range of applications, mainly including:
Automotive rubber shock absorbers: Improve ride comfort and reduce vehicle vibrations.
Rubber damping products for railway locomotives and sleepers: Reduce track and locomotive wear and improve operation stability.
Rubber shock absorbers for bridges: Absorb impacts caused by natural phenomena such as ground vibrations, protecting bridge structures.
Rubber shock absorbers for construction engineering: Serve as damping and isolation in building structures, enhancing the vibration resistance of buildings.
Rubber shock absorbers for industrial equipment: Protect equipment from vibration impacts and extend equipment lifespan.
In locomotives, the main role of rubber shock absorbers is to bear compressive stress, shear stress, and torsional moment, as well as the composite action of two or more stresses simultaneously. With the continuous increase in the speed of railway locomotives, the dynamic impact on the track has increased sharply, making rubber shock absorbers increasingly popular. They effectively reduce the wear of track, wheel treads, and locomotive running parts.
